Workload, work patterns and the work environment. Workers should not face excessive demands they cannot reasonably meet.

How much say a worker has over how they do their work. More autonomy generally reduces stress.

Encouragement and resources from managers and colleagues. Workers need to feel supported when under pressure.

Promoting positive working to avoid conflict — having processes to deal with unacceptable behaviour.

Workers understand their role and responsibilities — no conflicting demands or role ambiguity.

Organisational change is managed and communicated effectively — workers are consulted, not just told.