The 9 protected characteristics, types of discrimination, harassment, victimisation and how to take action under the Equality Act 2010.
Treating someone less favourably because of a protected characteristic. Example: not promoting a woman because she might go on maternity leave.
A rule or practice that applies to everyone but puts people with a protected characteristic at a disadvantage — unless it can be objectively justified. Example: requiring everyone to work Saturdays where this disadvantages observant Jewish workers.
Unwanted conduct related to a protected characteristic that violates dignity or creates a hostile environment. Includes a single serious incident or persistent low-level behaviour.
Treating someone badly because they raised a discrimination complaint or supported someone else's complaint. Cannot happen even if the original complaint was unfounded.
Note dates, times, what was said, who witnessed it. Save emails and messages. A contemporaneous diary is powerful evidence.
Put your complaint in writing to HR. This triggers your employer's legal obligation to investigate. Keep a copy of everything you submit.
The Equality Advisory and Support Service: 0808 800 0082. ACAS: 0300 123 1100. Both can advise on your options.
Required before any Employment Tribunal claim. Time limit is 3 months less one day, or six months less one day for acts on or after 1 October 2026 — do not delay.
Free help on the Equality Act, harassment and how to take action.
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