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Free Rights Guides

Plain English guides on UK employment rights, benefits and more — verified against GOV.UK and ACAS. Tap a category to explore.

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Guides for When You Want the Whole Picture

A checker answers the question you asked. A guide explains the area of law around it — the parts you did not know to ask about, the exceptions, and the order in which things usually happen. If you are at the start of a problem rather than the middle of one, start here.

Every guide is written in plain English, without the hedging and Latin that makes most legal writing useless to the people who need it.

What These Guides Cover

The library spans the areas where UK residents most often find themselves out of their depth: employment and pay, redundancy and dismissal, housing and eviction, benefits and appeals, consumer rights, family and parental leave, health and safety at work, and the specialist frameworks that apply to armed forces personnel, police officers and foster carers.

Those specialist frameworks matter more than people expect. Armed Forces personnel go through Service Complaints before a tribunal. Police officers are office holders rather than employees, which changes their dismissal rights but not their Equality Act protection. Applying standard employment law to either produces a confidently wrong answer, which is why they have their own guides.

How to Use a Guide Alongside a Checker

The two are designed to work together. Read the guide to understand the shape of the problem, then run the relevant checker to get an answer specific to your circumstances, then use a letter template to put it in writing. Most situations that get resolved get resolved in writing, early, before anyone involves a tribunal.

Keeping Up With Changes

UK law in these areas is moving quickly. Section 21 no-fault evictions were abolished in England on 1 May 2026. Statutory Sick Pay became available from day one to all employees from 6 April 2026. The protective award for failure to consult on redundancies doubled to a maximum of 180 days' gross pay. Guidance written even a year ago is often wrong on these points.

Our guides are checked against GOV.UK, ACAS and legislation.gov.uk, and updated when the law moves rather than when it is convenient.

The law is not the same in every part of the UK, and many announced rights are not law yet. See how the UK nations differ and what was promised against what is actually law.

When a Guide Is Not Enough

If your situation is complex, high-value, or involves an imminent deadline, get human advice. ACAS on 0300 123 1100 handles employment questions free of charge. Citizens Advice on 0800 144 8848 covers everything else.

General rights guidance, not legal advice.

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Dismissal, Redundancy & Tribunals

Unfair dismissal, fire and rehire, settlement agreements, tribunal claims and what you can claim if you lose your job

12 guides
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Unfair Dismissal
Qualifying periods, fair process, compensation caps and what to do
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Employment Tribunals
ACAS conciliation, ET1 forms, hearings and what to expect
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Employment Tribunal Claims: England, Wales and Scotland
Time limits, the 1 October 2026 change, Acas and awards
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Industrial Tribunal Claims: Northern Ireland
Time limits, LRA early conciliation, OITFET and awards
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Fire and Rehire: England, Wales and Scotland
Contract changes, the code, and the January 2027 protections
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Fire and Rehire: Northern Ireland
Unfair dismissal after 1 year and the LRA
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Settlement Agreements in England, Wales and Scotland
The legal conditions, independent advice, the Acas Code, protected talks and the £30,000 tax rule.
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Compromise Agreements in Northern Ireland
Article 245 conditions, independent advisers, LRA conciliation and the £30,000 tax rule.
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Lost Your Job? What You Can Claim in England, Wales and Scotland
New Style JSA rates and the National Insurance test, Universal Credit and savings, redundancy pay and sanctions.
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Lost Your Job? What You Can Claim in Northern Ireland
New Style JSA and Universal Credit from the Department for Communities, and redundancy pay with the NI cap.
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Employer Insolvent? Redundancy Pay and Money Owed in England, Wales and Scotland
What the Redundancy Payments Service pays, the weekly cap, CN and LN numbers, and the 6-month deadline.
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Employer Insolvent? Redundancy Pay and Money Owed in Northern Ireland
What the NI Redundancy Payments Service can pay, the NI cap, and who to contact.
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Pay, Contracts & Worker Status

Minimum wage, zero hours contracts, agency work, self-employment, the gig economy and IR35

12 guides
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Employment & Pay
NMW, sick pay, payslips, unlawful deductions and mileage rights
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Self-Employment
Employment status, IR35, tax obligations and your rights as a worker
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Minimum Wage: the UK
Rates from 1 April 2026, apprentices and how to complain
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Zero Hours Contracts: England, Wales and Scotland
Holiday, working elsewhere, sick pay and guaranteed hours
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Zero Hours Contracts: Northern Ireland
Holiday for irregular hours, pay and sick pay
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Agency Workers in England, Wales and Scotland
Day one rights, equal pay after 12 weeks, breaks and the key information document.
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Agency Workers in Northern Ireland
Day one rights, equal treatment after 12 weeks, pay-between-assignments contracts and the LRA.
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Am I a Worker or Self-Employed? England, Wales and Scotland
The three types of status, the tests, the Uber ruling, worker rights, minimum wage rates and tribunal deadlines for app, platform and casual work.
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Am I a Worker or Self-Employed? Northern Ireland
The four tests an industrial tribunal uses, worker rights, minimum wage rates, the 3-month time limit and free advice from the LRA.
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Am I Inside or Outside IR35?
Who decides your IR35 status, what a Status Determination Statement must say, the 45-day disagreement process, the CEST tool and what happens if you are inside.
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Zero Hours Contracts
Exclusivity clauses void, NMW, holiday pay and what's changing in 2027
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Gig Economy
Platform worker rights, the Uber ruling and what you're owed
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Discrimination, Health & Safety at Work

Whistleblowing, reasonable adjustments, mental health, menopause, unsafe work and how equality law is enforced

15 guides
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Whistleblowing & Discrimination
Protected disclosures, the 9 characteristics and Vento band awards
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Whistleblowing: England, Wales and Scotland
What counts, who to tell, who is protected, dismissal and gagging clauses
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Whistleblowing: Northern Ireland
The public interest test, prescribed persons, dismissal and the LRA
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Reasonable Adjustments: England, Wales and Scotland
The Equality Act definition, examples, Access to Work and refusals
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Reasonable Adjustments: Northern Ireland
The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 duty and the Equality Commission
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Mental Health at Work: England, Wales and Scotland
Disability, adjustments, sick pay and dismissal for absence
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Mental Health at Work: Northern Ireland
The DDA, adjustments, sick pay and dismissal for illness
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Menopause at Work: England, Wales and Scotland
Disability, adjustments, sex and age discrimination
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Menopause at Work: Northern Ireland
The DDA test, adjustments and flexible working
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Refusing Unsafe Work in England, Wales and Scotland
Serious and imminent danger, detriment and dismissal protection, and reporting to HSE or your council.
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Refusing Unsafe Work in Northern Ireland
Serious and imminent danger, Article 68 protection, HSENI complaints and the LRA.
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How Does EHRC Enforcement Work? England, Wales and Scotland
What the EHRC can do to organisations, why it does not take individual complaints, EASS advice, the public sector equality duty and your own claim deadlines.
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How Is Equality Law Enforced in Northern Ireland?
Equality Commission advice and assistance, section 75 equality scheme complaints, fair employment monitoring and the time limits for your own claim.
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Health & Safety
Refusing dangerous work, RIDDOR, PPE rights and compensation claims
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Mental Health at Work
Reasonable adjustments, SSP, discrimination and employer duties
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Family & Leave

Maternity, paternity, bereavement, surrogacy and adoption leave, flexible working and parental rights

13 guides
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Maternity Pay and Leave in England, Wales and Scotland
SMP and the 26-week test, Maternity Allowance, 52 weeks of leave, going back and redundancy protection.
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Maternity Pay and Leave in Northern Ireland
SMP, Maternity Allowance from the Department for Communities, leave, returning to work and the LRA.
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Family and Parental Rights in England and Wales
Parental responsibility, child arrangements orders, MIAMs and mediation, who needs the court's permission, and child maintenance.
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Family and Parental Rights in Scotland
Parental responsibilities and rights, the 4 May 2006 rule, residence and contact orders, mediation and child maintenance.
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Family and Parental Rights in Northern Ireland
Parental responsibility, residence and contact orders, free family mediation and child maintenance through Child Maintenance Choices.
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Bereavement Leave and Pay in England, Wales and Scotland
Parental Bereavement Leave and the 26-week test for pay, bereaved partner's leave, time off for dependants and Bereavement Support Payment.
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Bereavement Leave and Pay in Northern Ireland
Parental Bereavement Leave including miscarriage, day-one pay from 6 April 2026, time off for dependants and the LRA.
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Flexible Working Requests in England, Wales and Scotland
The day-one right, 2 requests a year, what your request must say, the 2-month decision, the 8 business reasons and tribunal complaints.
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Flexible Working Requests in Northern Ireland
26 weeks' service, one request a year, the 28-day meeting, the written decision, your 14-day appeal and the LRA.
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Surrogacy Leave and Pay in England, Wales and Scotland
Adoption leave and pay for intended parents, day-one paternity leave, the 26-week test, notice and antenatal time off.
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Surrogacy Leave and Pay in Northern Ireland
Adoption leave and pay for Parental Order Parents, paternity leave within 56 days, the 26-week test and the LRA.
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Maternity, Paternity & Family Leave
SMP, SPP, shared parental leave and the new day-one rights from April 2026
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Foster Care, Adoption & Surrogacy
Adoption leave and pay, parental orders and employer duties
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Employee Rights, Unions & Duties

Your core rights at work, trade unions, jury service, volunteering and who enforces workers’ rights

12 guides
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Trade Unions
Membership rights, strike action protection and statutory recognition
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Employee Rights: England, Wales and Scotland
Day-one rights, holiday, sick pay, dismissal, notice and redundancy pay
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Employee Rights: Northern Ireland
Written statement, holiday, sick pay, 1-year unfair dismissal and redundancy pay
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Trade Union Recognition and Your Union Rights in England, Wales and Scotland
The CAC route after the April 2026 changes, ballots won by a simple majority, member rights, the 7-day interim relief deadline and time off.
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Trade Union Recognition and Your Union Rights in Northern Ireland
The Industrial Court, the 10% and 40% tests that still apply, member rights, the 7-day interim relief deadline, time off and the LRA.
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Jury Service and Your Employer in England and Wales
Time off, pay, the court's loss of earnings limits, delaying jury service, and protection from dismissal.
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Jury Service and Your Employer in Scotland
Time off, pay, the Scottish court allowance limits, excusal as of right, and protection from dismissal.
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Jury Service and Your Employer in Northern Ireland
Time off, pay, the financial loss allowance, the 14-day claim deadline, and the LRA.
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Fair Work Standards and the Fair Work Agency: England, Wales and Scotland
What the Fair Work Agency enforces now, how to complain about pay and work rights, minimum wage penalties, and what fair work means in Scotland and Wales.
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Who Enforces Workers' Rights in Northern Ireland?
Minimum wage complaints, the Employment Agency Inspectorate, gangmaster licensing, the LRA and the deadlines for your own claim.
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Volunteer Rights: England, Wales and Scotland
Volunteer or worker, expenses, the minimum wage exception for charities, volunteering on benefits, DBS and PVG checks, and health and safety.
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Volunteer Rights in Northern Ireland
Volunteer or worker, expenses, voluntary workers and the minimum wage, volunteering on benefits, free AccessNI checks and where to get help.
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Housing & Council Tax

Evictions, landlord duties, housing complaints, neighbour disputes, leasehold and council tax

22 guides
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Housing Complaints in England
Council and housing association complaints, the Complaint Handling Code timescales and the Housing Ombudsman.
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Housing Complaints in Wales
Complaining to your council or housing association and the Public Services Ombudsman for Wales.
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Housing Complaints in Scotland
The two-stage complaints procedure and the Scottish Public Services Ombudsman.
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Housing Complaints in Northern Ireland
Housing Executive and housing association complaints and the Northern Ireland Public Services Ombudsman.
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Landlord Obligations in England
Safety checks, deposits and fees, HMO licences, the Renters' Rights Act rules from 1 May 2026 and Section 8 notices.
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Landlord Obligations in Wales
Rent Smart Wales, written statements, fitness for human habitation, deposits and section 173 notices.
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Landlord Obligations in Scotland
Landlord registration, tenancy terms, the repairing standard, deposits and notices to leave.
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Landlord Obligations in Northern Ireland
Landlord registration, tenancy information notices, deposits, alarms, electrical and gas checks and notices to quit.
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Neighbour Disputes in England and Wales
Noise and statutory nuisance, high hedges, overhanging trees, boundaries, party wall notices and the ASB Case Review.
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Neighbour Disputes in Scotland
Noise and the council, high hedge notices, overhanging trees, mediation and antisocial behaviour.
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Neighbour Disputes in Northern Ireland
Noise and the council, night noise powers, high hedge complaints, the Housing Executive and the PSNI.
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Council Tax Discounts in England
Single person discount, people not counted, students, disabled people, empty homes and appeals.
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Council Tax Discounts in Wales
Discounts from April 2026, care leavers, cognitive impairment, carers, premiums and appeals.
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Council Tax Discounts in Scotland
Single adult discount, who is not counted, Council Tax Reduction, empty homes and appeals.
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Eviction Rights
Choose your nation: England, Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland
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Eviction Rights: England
Notices, court, illegal eviction and where to get help in England
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Eviction Rights: Wales
Notices, court, illegal eviction and where to get help in Wales
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Eviction Rights: Scotland
Notices, court, illegal eviction and where to get help in Scotland
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Eviction Rights: Northern Ireland
Notices, court, illegal eviction and where to get help in Northern Ireland
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Housing & Tenancy
Deposits, repairs, rent increases and Section 8 grounds post-2026
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Council Tax
Discounts, exemptions, CTR, banding appeals and enforcement
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Leasehold Rights
Service charges, lease extension, Right to Manage and the 2024 reforms
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Health & Social Care

NHS and care complaints, care needs assessments and raising a concern about care

11 guides
▼
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Crime, Records, Abuse & Legal Aid

Spent convictions, criminal record checks, domestic abuse protection and legal aid

16 guides
▼
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Domestic Abuse Court Orders in England and Wales
Non-molestation and occupation orders, emergency orders, serving papers and DAPO areas.
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Domestic Abuse Court Orders in Scotland
Interdicts and powers of arrest, exclusion orders and non-harassment orders.
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Domestic Abuse Court Orders in Northern Ireland
Non-molestation and occupation orders: Forms F1 and F2, emergency applications and fees.
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Domestic Abuse and Work in Great Britain
Time off, flexible working from day one, time off for dependants and employer support.
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Domestic Abuse and Work in Northern Ireland
Where paid safe leave stands, flexible working after 26 weeks and time off for dependants.
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Spent Convictions in England and Wales
Rehabilitation periods from 28 October 2023, cautions, driving endorsements, the Exceptions Order, protected convictions and insurance.
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Spent Convictions in Scotland
Disclosure periods from the date of conviction, fiscal fines and warnings, Level 1, Level 2 and PVG disclosures.
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Spent Convictions in Northern Ireland
Rehabilitation periods under the 1978 Order, cautions and informed warnings, excepted jobs and AccessNI filtering.
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Criminal Record Checks in England and Wales
Basic, standard and enhanced DBS checks, filtering, barred lists, self-employed checks, fees, the Update Service and disputes.
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Criminal Record Checks in Scotland
Level 1, Level 2 and PVG disclosures, spent convictions on Level 2, five-year PVG membership and reviews.
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Criminal Record Checks in Northern Ireland
AccessNI basic, standard and enhanced checks, filtering, disputes and appeals to the Independent Reviewer.
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Legal Aid in England and Wales
Civil means test limits, passporting benefits, what is covered, exceptional case funding, the statutory charge and criminal legal aid.
⚖️
Legal Aid in Scotland
Advice and assistance limits, ABWOR, civil and criminal legal aid from SLAB, police station advice and applying through a solicitor.
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Legal Aid in Northern Ireland
Advice and assistance, Representation in the Lower and Higher Courts, criminal legal aid granted by the court, and how to apply.
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Domestic Abuse & Safeguarding
Non-Molestation Orders, housing rights and workplace protections
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Crime & Justice
Police rights, stop and search, victim rights and criminal records
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Employer & HR Toolkit

Free resources for employers, HR professionals and health & safety managers. Toolbox talks, compliance checklists and staff rights guides.

📋 Toolbox Talks ⚖️ Employer Obligations

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